Positioning, navigation, and timing on the Moon and Mars with galactic cosmic rays

The muometric wireless navigation system (MuWNS) is a technology enabling signal reception for machine controlling and communication systems underground where a radio or GPS signal would normally be lost. The penetrative power of muons in rock allows signal transmission from the surface down to 1.5-2.0 km of depth on Earth, depending on rock density. Such a depth would not be easily reached on the Moon and Mars, but an inflatable structure containing an artificial atmosphere would allow the muon production necessary for a thorough exploration and suitability assessment of existing lava tubes or borehole excavation to host a base. The density maps obtained by muography can also show the eventual presence of valuable metals, minerals, or water ice for in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). MuWNS' broad spectrum of applications is crucial for the first deployment and then the correct functioning of an underground base on the Moon or Mars.