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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
Diphtheria01:28

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Cutaneous Diphtheria: A Case Report.

Pawan Singhal1, Anjali Bansal1, Dhirendra Tak1

  • 1Department of otorhinolaryngology, SMS Medical College, 78-A, Vishnupuri, Durgapura, Jaipur, 302018 India.

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|June 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cutaneous diphtheria, a rare condition, was diagnosed in an unvaccinated 1-year-old with skin and respiratory lesions. Prompt antibiotic therapy and immunization are crucial for patients and contacts.

Keywords:
Cutaneous diphtheriaDiphtheriaSkin ulcers

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Cutaneous diphtheria is a rare clinical presentation.
  • It is frequently misdiagnosed due to similar-presenting dermatological conditions.
  • Diphtheria immunization is critical for prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of cutaneous diphtheria in a child.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and emphasize appropriate management.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a 1-year-old child with neutropenia and no prior immunization.
  • Clinical diagnosis supported by microbiological confirmation of diphtheria.
  • Treatment involved complete antibiotic therapy and immunization.

Main Results:

  • The child presented with multiple cutaneous and respiratory lesions.
  • Microbiology confirmed diphtheria as the causative agent.
  • Successful treatment with antibiotics and completion of immunization.

Conclusions:

  • Cutaneous diphtheria requires high clinical suspicion for early diagnosis.
  • Complete antibiotic treatment and adherence to immunization schedules are essential for affected individuals and their contacts.
  • This case underscores the importance of recognizing rare presentations of infectious diseases.