Acute myeloid leukemia: A rare cause of acquired isolated factor VII deficiency

Acquired factor VII deficiency remains a rare pathology. Only 5 prior reported cases of aFVIID associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have been described in the literature. Despite the rarity of these occurrences, these cases hold significant clinical and scientific implications given the need to understand the physopathology and to establish a therapeutic protocol ensuring better management.

A 38-year-old Arab male with AML was diagnosed at our Department of Clinical Hematology. The initial coagulation panel at admission revealed slightly low prothrombin ratio (PT) of 56 %, while the international normalized ratio (INR) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) were within normal. Prothrombin complex coagulation factor dosing (PCCFD) confirmed an isolated reduction in the FVII in repeated samples, indicating an isolated deficiency. This patient did not present severe bleeding syndrome and had received conventional chemotherapy (cytarabine (Cytarabine)+ idarubicin). The evolution was marked by cytological remission (CR) with correction of coagulation disorders.

In conclusion, the intricate relationship between isolated aFVIID and AML remains mysterious. Researchers are essential to unravel the intricacies of this rare hematological condition. Further exploration into the molecular mechanisms, prognostic implications, and evolving treatment modalities is crucial to enhance the precision and efficacy of therapeutic interventions.