[Gut Microbiota and Obesity]

Obesity is a global health concern associated with a wide range of diseases, including diabetes, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver, and cardiovascular conditions. Recent studies highlight the significant role of gut microbiota in obesity. Research indicates notable changes in the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in individuals diagnosed with obesity. The gut microbiota participate in energy metabolism, lipid synthesis, and regulation of inflammation and therefore play a key role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Therapeutic approaches based on the use of probiotics, prebiotics, Akkermansia muciniphila, and fecal microbiota transplantation have shown promise in animal studies as useful strategies against obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, further research is warranted to conclusively establish the specific strains, dosages, and mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of these novel strategies against obesity in humans.