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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

411
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
411
Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

71.6K
Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

257
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
257
Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine

399
The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
399
Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

204
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
204
What is Monogastric Digestion?01:50

What is Monogastric Digestion?

70.9K
The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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Published on: October 15, 2019

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[Gut Microbiota and Obesity].

Seung Young Kim

    The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research
    |June 12, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    Gut microbiota significantly influences obesity by affecting metabolism and inflammation. Novel therapies like probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation show promise but require further human studies.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Human Physiology
    • Metabolic Diseases

    Context:

    • Obesity is a complex global health issue linked to numerous chronic conditions.
    • Emerging research implicates the gut microbiota in obesity development and progression.
    • Alterations in gut microbiota composition and diversity are observed in obese individuals.

    Purpose:

    • To explore the role of gut microbiota in obesity pathogenesis.
    • To review current and potential therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiota for obesity management.

    Summary:

    • The gut microbiota plays a critical role in energy homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory processes, contributing to obesity.
    • Changes in the gut microbial ecosystem are a hallmark of obesity.
    • Interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, Akkermansia muciniphila, and fecal microbiota transplantation are being investigated.
    Keywords:
    MicrobiotaObesityPrebioticsProbiotics

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    Impact:

    • Understanding the gut microbiota's role offers new avenues for obesity treatment.
    • Microbiota-targeted therapies hold potential for managing obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
    • Further clinical research is essential to validate these strategies for human application.