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Cancer Incidence and Trends in US Adults With HIV
Cameron B Haas1, Jennifer K McGee-Avila1, Qianlai Luo1
1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
JAMA Oncology
|June 12, 2025
Summary
Cancer incidence and risk have declined for people with HIV, showing progress in treatment and prevention. These findings aid in prioritizing cancer prevention and early detection for the aging HIV population.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Antiretroviral therapy improvements have increased lifespan for people with HIV.
- Accurate cancer risk data is crucial for guiding prevention and clinical care in this population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate cancer incidence rates (IRs) in people with HIV using population-based HIV and cancer registries.
- To inform cancer prevention strategies and clinical guidelines for people with HIV.
Main Methods:
- Population-based cohort study (2001-2019) linking HIV and cancer registries across 12 US states, DC, and Puerto Rico.
- Calculated age-standardized IRs and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) across calendar periods.
- Estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and age group-specific rates.
Main Results:
- Incidence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, lung, and liver cancers decreased significantly from 2010-2014 to 2015-2019.
- In people aged 70-84, prostate, lung, female breast, liver, and colon cancers had the highest IRs.
- Elevated risks (SIRs) persisted for Kaposi sarcoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, DLBCL, anal, vulvar, liver, and lung cancers in 2015-2019, generally decreasing with age.
Conclusions:
- Declines in cancer incidence and relative risk among people with HIV indicate progress in HIV treatment and cancer prevention.
- These estimates are vital for prioritizing cancer prevention and early detection efforts as the HIV population ages.
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