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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
20.6K
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

19.1K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
19.1K
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

21.2K
In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
21.2K
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

58.0K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
58.0K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

118.1K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Gyroid Nickel Nanostructures from Diblock Copolymer Supramolecules
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Ionogels Reinforced by Ionophobic Coordination.

Hongfei Huang1, Lijie Sun2, Yalin Zhang3

  • 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507, Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Ionophobic Coordination Reinforcement (ICR) in ionogels overcomes the trade-off between mechanical strength and self-healing. This new material enables high-performance flexible electronics and advanced sensors with improved durability and processability.

Keywords:
ealstomersfibersionogelsphase separationself‐healing

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Ionogels are crucial for next-generation wearable electronics, offering mechanical strength, self-healing, and processability.
  • Existing ionogels struggle to balance mechanical robustness with efficient self-healing capabilities, hindering practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel strategy, Ionophobic Coordination Reinforcement (ICR), to overcome the limitations of current ionogels.
  • To develop ionogels with simultaneous high mechanical performance, efficient self-healing, and facile processability for advanced applications.

Main Methods:

  • The study introduces Ionophobic Coordination Reinforcement (ICR), combining ionic liquid-phobic microphase separation with lithium-ion coordination crosslinking.
  • The ICR design creates a dual glass transition temperature (Tg) architecture for optimized material properties.
  • Melt spinning was employed to fabricate ionogel fibers, leveraging the material's melt-processability.

Main Results:

  • The ICR strategy achieved a significant increase in tensile strength (6.4-fold), toughness (4-fold), and Young's modulus (35.6-fold).
  • Efficient self-healing at ambient conditions was demonstrated alongside high mechanical performance.
  • Ionogel fibers exhibited enhanced humidity sensitivity and rapid response for respiratory monitoring applications.

Conclusions:

  • ICR effectively resolves the trade-off between mechanical strength and self-healing in ionogels.
  • The developed ionogels offer a new paradigm for high-performance wearable electronics, soft robotics, and adaptive sensors.
  • The material's properties facilitate advanced fabrication techniques and enable real-time, non-invasive monitoring systems.