Atopic dermatitis and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prominent inflammatory skin disorder that significantly affects daily functioning and mental health in patients. Among its psychological repercussions, besides anxiety and depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has emerged. Multiple studies have indicated an increased risk of OCD in patients with AD. This systematic review aims to synthesize and evaluate the current literature on the association between AD and OCD, with particular attention to mechanisms linking disease and integrative treatment approaches. A search of the PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases was performed on 12 September 2024 to select peer-reviewed English-language studies relevant to our topic. Our results revealed the influences of demographic variables such as sex, age and atopic severity as being central to concomitant disease prevalence, with women and young adults having the highest risk of comorbidity. The complex interaction between the two disease states is thought to be a bidirectional relationship characterized by immunological, behavioural and genetic factors. Hence, an understanding of the underlying pathophysiology is necessary for comprehensive management. Patients may benefit from a multifaceted approach, including prescription of immunomodulatory agents and referral to psychiatry and psychology. Ultimately, we seek to inform clinical practice by advocating for interdisciplinary approaches to care and providing the framework for future investigations.