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Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Size Exclusion Chromatography for Separating Extracellular Vesicles from Conditioned Cell Culture Media

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Published on: May 13, 2022

Cyclodextrin-electrokinetic chromatography using Betaine:Urea, a deep eutectic solvent as the separation medium.

Haoxiang Meng¹, Song Xue², Sihui Ding¹

¹School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.

Journal of Chromatography. A

|June 12, 2025

Summary

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) enhance cyclodextrin (CD) solubility and separation power in electrokinetic chromatography (EKC). This study shows DES-EKC successfully separates hydrophobic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) where aqueous systems fail.

Keywords:

Capillary electromigration technique Cyclodextrin Deep eutectic solvent Electrokinetic chromatography Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

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Published on: November 22, 2024

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Separation Science

Background:

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) offer sustainable alternatives for capillary electromigration techniques (CE).
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are crucial pseudo-stationary phases (PSPs) in CE, but their use in DESs is unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the compatibility and performance of CDs in a DES-based electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) system.
To evaluate CD solubility and separation capabilities for complex analytes within a DES environment.

Main Methods:

Systematic evaluation of eight CDs (native and derivatives) in a Betaine:Urea (BU) DES.
Assessment of CD solubility enhancement compared to aqueous solutions.
Analysis of host-guest properties and hydrophobic selectivity in DES-EKC.
Separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using the developed system.

Main Results:

The BU DES demonstrated excellent solubility for all tested CDs, significantly enhancing native CD solubility (2-20 fold increase vs. water).
CDs retained their host-guest properties in DES, exhibiting improved hydrophobic selectivity compared to aqueous systems.
Successful separation of charged and neutral hydrophobic PAHs was achieved, which was not possible in conventional aqueous CD-EKC.

Conclusions:

DESs are highly compatible with CDs, improving their solubility and separation efficiency in EKC.
DES-based CD-EKC offers a superior and sustainable approach for separating challenging hydrophobic analytes.
This work paves the way for advanced separation strategies in CE using DES-CD systems.