Idiopathic subglottic stenosis: Two cases report

Idiopathic subglottic stenosis is a rare condition that primarily affects young women, with an etiology that remains poorly understood.

We report two cases of patients presenting with acute laryngeal dyspnea secondary to idiopathic subglottic stenosis. Clinical and paraclinical evaluations ruled out infectious, immunological, and iatrogenic causes. Treatment consisted of endoscopic procedures, including balloon dilation, CO₂ laser vaporization, and intralesional injections of corticosteroids and 5-fluorouracil. One patient required CO₂ laser incision of the inferior constrictor muscle due to recurrence. After prolonged follow-up, the clinical outcome was favorable, with no significant recurrence.

The etiology of idiopathic subglottic stenosis remains uncertain. A plethora of therapeutic alternatives have been proposed; however, none has demonstrated superiority in terms of ease and efficacy. Until more is known about the condition, prolonged postoperative clinical, radiological, and endoscopic monitoring is essential, even in cases where only the slightest recurrence of clinical signs is observed.

The management of this condition relies on a multidisciplinary approach, integrating endoscopic and surgical treatments tailored to the severity of the stenosis.