Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

39.2K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
39.2K
Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity01:11

Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity

323
The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
During periods of fasting, the ENS initiates the migrating myoelectric complex, a...
323
Stomach pH Regulation01:21

Stomach pH Regulation

6.0K
The human body carefully regulates the internal pH of different organs to maintain homeostasis. For example, while the blood plasma maintains a neutral pH of 7, the stomach lumen has an acidic pH of 1.5 - 3.5. The low pH of stomach lumen helps kill pathogens in the food and break down complex food molecules.
The acid-secreting gastric mucosal epithelial cells (parietal cells) lining the stomach lumen maintain the low pH in the lumen. Numerous ion transporters and channels on these parietal...
6.0K
Bacterial Signaling01:30

Bacterial Signaling

31.8K
Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
31.8K
Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health01:05

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health

239
The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
239
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

1.9K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
1.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diverse high-fat diets drive multi-omic reprogramming that persists after dietary reversal.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Toward Computationally Complete Spatial Omics.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Intestinal interoceptive dysfunction drives age-associated cognitive decline.

Nature·2026
Same author

Gut microbiome-produced bile acid metabolite lengthens the circadian period in host intestinal cells.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

β-hydroxybutyrate enhances the metabolic fitness of CAR T cells in cancer.

Cell·2026
Same author

Metabotherapy for intestinal disease: using metabolites to prevent and treat disorders of the gut.

Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology·2026
Same journal

Cichlid fish as a model for understanding social dysfunction.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

On aims and methods in field neuroethology: Investigating neural mechanisms of behavior in semi-natural and natural contexts.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

Neurobiological interfaces connecting environmental change to monarch butterfly migration.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

Learning how to experience the world: From circuits to cell types to genes.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

Editorial overview for neurobiology of disease 2026.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

Optical voltage imaging: ready to spark systems neuroscience.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
05:27

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

Published on: June 30, 2021

4.2K

Microbial regulation of interoception.

Madhav Subramanian1, Christoph A Thaiss2

  • 1Microbiology Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|June 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiome influences the brain via interoceptive pathways, impacting homeostasis and behavior. This research frames the microbiome as a key sensory system for the body, crucial for maintaining internal balance.

More Related Videos

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota
07:15

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota

Published on: July 31, 2019

9.5K
Studying Murine Small Bowel Mechanosensing of Luminal Particulates
10:21

Studying Murine Small Bowel Mechanosensing of Luminal Particulates

Published on: March 18, 2022

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2025

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
05:27

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

Published on: June 30, 2021

4.2K
An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota
07:15

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota

Published on: July 31, 2019

9.5K
Studying Murine Small Bowel Mechanosensing of Luminal Particulates
10:21

Studying Murine Small Bowel Mechanosensing of Luminal Particulates

Published on: March 18, 2022

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Interoceptive pathways link the body's internal state to brain function, guiding behavioral adaptations.
  • The gastrointestinal microbiome significantly impacts the body's internal environment and physiological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conceptualize the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in interoception.
  • To explore how microbiome-derived signals contribute to homeostasis, emotional valence, and memory formation.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual framework development.
  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on microbiome-host interactions and interoception.

Main Results:

  • The microbiome possesses four key features making it a vital sensory source for interoception: engagement of sensory pathways, responsiveness to perturbations, diurnal oscillations, and selective barrier gating.
  • Microbiome signals are integral to maintaining homeostasis, assigning emotional value to stimuli, and forming memories.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiome is a critical component of the interoceptive system, influencing host physiology and behavior.
  • Dysfunctions in interoception can be understood through the complex interplay between the microbiome and the host.
  • This framework highlights the microbiome's role in sensory processing, valence, and memory, impacting overall health.