Trophic factors and essential oils as potential neuromodulators of Renin-Angiotensin system

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a well-established endocrine system primarily recognized for its role in electrolyte homeostasis, fluid balance, and cardiovascular regulation in peripheral circulation. In addition to the systemic RAS, the brain harbors a local and independent RAS. Accumulating evidence indicates a close association between the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and neuroinflammation. This report underscores the pathophysiology role of RAS in neurodegeneration and evaluates its potential as a therapeutic target. Growth factors and essential oil have been widely studied for their antioxidant therapeutic potential in inflammatory disorders and other pathologies. Studies on the administration of these molecules have been tested for their potential to provide neuroprotection and stop or slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. As a result of these searches, we suggest that growth factors and essential oils neuroprotective effects may be mediated, at least in part, by their interactions with the RAS system influencing neurovascular and neuroinflammatory processes. This review intends to summarize and provide evidence to guide future research on the effects of growth factors and essential oils on brain RAS components and their potential therapeutic applications in neuroprotection.