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Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Deposition of Porous Sorbents on Fabric Supports

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Published on: June 12, 2018

A starch-based, durable phosphorous-containing flame retardant for cotton.

Hao Zhou¹, Mengxiao Liang¹, Yonghua Lu¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

|June 12, 2025

Summary

A novel phosphorus flame retardant, BMPTHD, was synthesized for cotton fabric, significantly enhancing flame retardancy and durability after 50 laundering cycles. This durable flame retardant improves safety by reducing heat release and flame spread.

Keywords:

Cotton Durability Phosphorous - containing flame retardant Starch

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Textile Engineering

Background:

Flame retardants are crucial for enhancing the safety of textile materials.
Developing durable and effective flame retardants for natural fibers like cotton remains a challenge.
Phosphorus-based flame retardants offer a promising alternative to halogenated compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a novel starch-based phosphorus flame retardant, BMPTHD.
To evaluate the flame retardant properties of BMPTHD on cotton fabric.
To assess the durability of the flame retardant treatment on cotton fabric after multiple laundering cycles.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of BMPTHD using established chemical procedures.
Characterization of BMPTHD using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
Flame retardancy testing including Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI), Vertical Flame Test (VFT), and Cone Calorimetry Test (CCT).
Durability assessment through 50 laundering cycles following NFPA 2112-2012 standards.
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Thermogravimetric Infrared (TG-IR) analysis to study decomposition behavior.

Main Results:

Successful synthesis and structural confirmation of BMPTHD.
Significant improvement in LOI values (17.9% to 39.6%) and reduction in THR (49.29%) and FGR (81.02%).
Cotton fabric treated with BMPTHD passed the VFT and maintained performance after 50 laundering cycles.
TGA and TG-IR analyses indicated increased char residue and reduced production of combustible gases, confirming condensed-phase flame retardancy.

Conclusions:

BMPTHD is an effective and durable phosphorus-based flame retardant for cotton fabric.
The synthesized flame retardant significantly enhances fire safety by reducing flammability and heat release.
The durability of BMPTHD after extensive laundering suggests its potential for long-term applications in protective textiles.