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The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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  3. A Role For Microglia In Mediating The Microbiota-gut-brain Axis.
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  3. A Role For Microglia In Mediating The Microbiota-gut-brain Axis.

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A role for microglia in mediating the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Lily Keane1,2, Gerard Clarke3,4, John F Cryan3,5

  • 1APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. lilykeane@ucc.ie.

Nature Reviews. Immunology
|June 12, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiota influences brain immune cells called microglia, impacting neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Understanding this gut-brain axis offers new therapeutic targets for brain diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Microbiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Microglia are key brain immune cells implicated in neurological disorders.
  • Targeting microglia has shown limited success in treating brain diseases.
  • The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a regulator of microglia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of gut-microglia communication in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • To review the latest research on gut-brain axis in the context of microglial function and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on gut microbiota and microglia.
  • Analysis of microglial heterogeneity and functions.
  • Examination of evidence linking gut-microglia pathways to central nervous system disorders.

Main Results:

  • Gut microbiota significantly modulates microglia activity throughout life.
  • Microbiota-microglia interactions are crucial in the pathogenesis of various brain disorders.
  • Evidence suggests these pathways influence neuroinflammation and disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Gut-microglia cross-talk represents a significant paradigm shift in understanding brain diseases.
  • This axis presents novel therapeutic opportunities for neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges and clinical implications.