Diagnostic Challenges and Perinatal Outcomes: A Case Series on a Retrospective Study

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Fetal Medicine
• Radiology

Background:

• Succenturiate placenta, a rare variant, involves accessory placental lobes connected by fetal vessels.
• While often asymptomatic, it poses risks for maternal-fetal complications if undiagnosed.
• Prenatal ultrasonography is key for early detection and management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze prenatal diagnosis, sonographic features, management, and outcomes of succenturiate placenta.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasonography in identifying this placental anomaly.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective observational study of nine pregnancies with succenturiate placenta (2014-2024).
• Data collected: maternal demographics, ultrasound findings, cord insertion type, associated anomalies, delivery mode, complications, neonatal outcomes.
• Ultrasound evaluation used a four-point checklist; transvaginal scanning application noted.

Main Results:

• 55.6% had isolated succenturiate placenta; 44.4% were associated with velamentous cord insertion.
• No vasa previa cases identified.
• Complications occurred in 44.4%, including intrapartum bradycardia; one neonatal death due to placental abruption.

Conclusions:

• Prenatal identification of succenturiate placenta via detailed ultrasound is essential for risk minimization.
• Color Doppler and targeted cord assessment improve diagnostic accuracy.
• Standardized protocols enhance detection rates and clinical decision-making for better maternal-neonate outcomes.