Is There a Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Primary Monosymptomatic Enuresis Nocturna?

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between primary monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna (PMNE) and vitamin D deficiency in children. Patients and Methods: This retrospective case-control study included 307 PMNE patients aged 5-18 years and 254 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Demographic data and biochemical parameters of the participants were obtained from hospital records. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were measured using the chemiluminescence immunoassay method. The Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, Pearson correlation and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analyses. Results: Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were significantly lower in the PMNE group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The rate of vitamin D deficiency was higher in the PMNE group. Vitamin D deficiency (OR: 3.164, 95% CI: 1.195-8.378, p = 0.02) and family history of enuresis (OR: 2.790, 95% CI: 1.01-5.8, p = 0.04) were found to be independent associated factors for PMNE. A significant negative correlation was found between serum vitamin D level and weekly bedwetting frequency (r = -0.377, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were significantly lower in the PMNE group (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.89). It is recommended that vitamin D levels should be routinely evaluated in children with PMNE and the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation should be investigated in prospective studies.