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Effect of Sodium Butyrate Supplementation on Type 2 Diabetes-Literature Review.

Wiktoria Krauze1, Nikola Busz1, Weronika Pikuła1

  • 1Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.

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Summary

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is rising globally. Gut health, including intestinal barrier integrity and microbiota, is key. Sodium butyrate shows promise for T2DM management by improving gut health and metabolic parameters.

Keywords:
butyrateglucose metabolismgut microbiotainflammationinsulin resistanceintestinal permeabilitymetabolic endotoxemiasodium butyrate supplementationtype 2 diabetes mellitus

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Disorders and Gut Health Research
  • Microbiome and Inflammation Studies

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is increasing globally, driven by urbanization, economic growth, and obesity.
  • The multifactorial origins of T2DM involve genetic, epigenetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors, with incomplete understanding of molecular mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epidemiological data on T2DM prevalence, risk factors, and demographic trends.
  • To examine the role of intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut microbiota dysbiosis in T2DM pathogenesis.
  • To analyze the therapeutic potential of butyrate in preserving gut integrity and improving metabolic health.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of epidemiological data on T2DM from 1990-2017 and projected trends to 2030.
  • Review of mechanistic insights into intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut microbiota dysbiosis in T2DM.
  • Analysis of recent findings on butyrate's role in gut health and metabolic regulation.

Main Results:

  • Global T2DM prevalence has significantly increased, with highest rates in specific regions.
  • Intestinal barrier disruption ('leaky gut') and gut microbiota alterations contribute to inflammation and insulin resistance in T2DM.
  • Sodium butyrate supplementation improved gut integrity, reduced endotoxemia, and ameliorated metabolic parameters in preclinical studies; early clinical data suggest benefits for glycemic control and inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Gut barrier integrity and microbiota composition are critical in T2DM pathogenesis.
  • Sodium butyrate demonstrates potential as an adjunct therapy for T2DM, warranting further large-scale clinical trials.
  • Targeting gut health offers a novel strategy for T2DM prevention and treatment.