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Advances in Isorhamnetin Treatment of Malignant Tumors: Mechanisms and Applications
Chen Mei1, Ying Liu1, Xueze Lyu2,3
1Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
Abstract:
Isorhamnetin (ISO) is a natural flavonoid compound that has become a main research topic in recent years due to its multitargeted antitumor properties. In this paper, we systematically review the molecular basis of the inhibition of malignant tumors by ISO, including through the regulation of the cell cycle, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, MAPK pathway, apoptosis/autophagy-related pathways, and the tumor microenvironment. We also explore its synergistic effects with chemotherapy/targeted therapies and its potential for clinical translation. Experimental studies have shown that ISO can not only directly inhibit tumor proliferation by inducing tumor cell cycle arrest, mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, but also enhance antitumor immune responses by regulating the immune microenvironment. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that novel delivery systems, such as nano-formulations, significantly enhance the bioavailability of ISO. Notably, ISO has demonstrated unique advantages in attenuating the nephrotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents, protecting normal cells, and reversing tumor resistance. However, the optimal dosing regimen, dose-effect relationship, and cross-species applicability need to be further validated by large-scale preclinical animal experiments and clinical trials. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of ISO for the treatment of malignant tumors and highlights its potential value in animal models.
Insights
Isorhamnetin (ISO), a natural flavonoid, shows promise in fighting cancer by regulating cell cycles and immune responses. Further research is needed to optimize its use in clinical settings.
Area of Science:
- Natural Products Chemistry
- Pharmacology
- Oncology
Background:
- Isorhamnetin (ISO) is a naturally occurring flavonoid with demonstrated multitargeted antitumor properties.
- Recent research highlights ISO's potential in cancer treatment due to its diverse molecular mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the molecular mechanisms by which ISO inhibits malignant tumors.
- To explore ISO's synergistic effects with existing cancer therapies and its clinical translation potential.
- To evaluate ISO's role in modulating the tumor microenvironment and enhancing antitumor immunity.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of experimental studies on Isorhamnetin's antitumor effects.
- Analysis of molecular pathways regulated by ISO, including cell cycle, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK, and apoptosis/autophagy.
- Review of pharmacokinetic studies and novel delivery systems for ISO.
Main Results:
- ISO inhibits tumor proliferation via cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
- ISO enhances antitumor immunity by modulating the immune microenvironment.
- Novel delivery systems like nano-formulations improve ISO bioavailability and efficacy.
- ISO demonstrates potential in reducing chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity and overcoming tumor resistance.
Conclusions:
- Isorhamnetin exhibits significant potential as an anticancer agent through multiple molecular pathways.
- Further preclinical and clinical studies are required to establish optimal dosing and validate its efficacy across species.
- ISO holds promise for developing novel cancer therapeutics and enhancing existing treatments.
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