Nutrient-Driven Antioxidant Interventions for Prevention of Age-Related and Diabetic Cataracts

Cataract formation remains a significant cause of global visual impairment. Increasing attention has been directed toward antioxidant-based interventions as potential non-surgical strategies to delay or prevent cataractogenesis, particularly in the age-related and diabetic contexts. This review summarizes recent preclinical evidence on nutritional antioxidants for the prevention of age-related and diabetic cataracts. Agents such as trimetazidine, Moringa oleifera stem extract, ginsenoside Rg1, lanosterol nanoparticles, β-casomorphin-7, and cerium oxide-based nanotherapies have been shown to mitigate oxidative damage, modulate redox signaling pathways, and preserve lens clarity. Advances in drug delivery, including topical formulations, nanoparticle carriers, and intravitreal injections, have been proposed to overcome the anatomical and pharmacokinetic barriers associated with the avascular lens. The new data support ongoing translational research to maximize the clinical use of antioxidants and highlight their therapeutic potential in the prevention of age-related and diabetic cataracts.