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  11. The Association Of Food Insecurity And Risk Of Mortality: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis Of Large-scale Cohorts

The Association of Food Insecurity and Risk of Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Large-Scale Cohorts

Cyrus Jalili1, Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian2, Farhang Hameed Awlqadr3

  • 1Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714686698, Iran.

Nutrients
|June 13, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Food insecurity (FI) significantly increases mortality risk, with higher severity leading to greater risk. Addressing FI through strengthened programs is crucial for reducing mortality.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Nutrition Science
Keywords:
cohortfood insecuritymeta-analysismortality

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Background:

  • Food insecurity (FI) is a global public health concern.
  • Existing research on FI and mortality risk shows inconsistent findings.
  • A comprehensive synthesis of evidence is needed to clarify this relationship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze existing studies.
  • To evaluate the association between food insecurity and mortality risk.
  • To identify potential dose-response relationships and specific mortality causes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across major databases (Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase) until February 2025.
  • Meta-analysis of Hazard Ratios (HR) using a random-effects model.
  • Quality assessment (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale) and bias evaluation (Egger's, Begg's tests).

Main Results:

  • 19 studies confirmed a significant link between FI and increased mortality (HR=1.23).
  • A dose-response relationship was observed: mild (HR=1.16), moderate (HR=1.19), and severe FI (HR=1.52) showed increasing mortality risk.
  • FI was associated with all-cause (HR=1.26) and cardiovascular mortality (HR=1.24), but not cancer mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent food insecurity is a significant contributor to increased mortality risk.
  • Strengthening and maintaining programs to combat food insecurity are essential.
  • Interventions targeting food insecurity may reduce overall and cardiovascular-related mortality.