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Related Concept Videos

Ultrasonography01:17

Ultrasonography

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Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Ultrasound I: Abdominal Ultrasonography01:20

Ultrasound I: Abdominal Ultrasonography

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Introduction:
Abdominal ultrasonography, commonly known as abdominal ultrasound, is a vital, non-invasive medical imaging technique widely used in healthcare.
Procedure:
This diagnostic tool allows the clinician to visually inspect internal structures within the abdomen, including vital organs such as the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidneys, and spleen.
The abdominal ultrasound process begins with applying a special gel to the patient's skin over the abdomen. This gel enhances the...
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Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan01:25

Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan

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Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and FibroScan are valuable diagnostic tools in gastroenterology and hepatology, each with specific applications and techniques.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS):
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
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Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

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Thyroid Ultrasonography: Much Ado About Nothing? A Provocative Analysis.

Petra Petranović Ovčariček1,2, Luca Giovanella3,4

  • 1Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10010 Zagreb, Croatia.

Cancers
|June 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid ultrasonography (US) is overused, leading to unnecessary procedures and overdiagnosis. Limiting US to palpable nodules and excluding subcentimetric incidentalomas can optimize resources and improve patient care.

Keywords:
clinical guidelinescost-effectivenessdiagnostic imaginghealthcare resourcesoverdiagnosisthyroid cancerthyroid dysfunctionthyroid incidentalomasthyroid nodulesthyroid ultrasonography

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Radiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Thyroid ultrasonography (US) use has increased significantly.
  • Inappropriate US use is estimated at 10-50%, causing patient anxiety and overdiagnosis.
  • Increased US use correlates with more thyroid cancer diagnoses but not mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review thyroid US usage patterns.
  • To identify factors contributing to overuse.
  • To propose strategies for mitigating overuse and promoting rational use.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical guidelines.
  • Analysis of factors driving thyroid US utilization.
  • Development of recommendations for appropriate US application.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid US is often used inappropriately for thyroid dysfunction without palpable abnormalities or for subcentimetric incidentalomas.
  • Overuse leads to unnecessary procedures, patient anxiety, and overdiagnosis of thyroid cancer.
  • Current guidelines recommend US for palpable nodules, not routine dysfunction evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Restricting thyroid US to appropriate clinical scenarios is crucial.
  • Rational US use optimizes healthcare resources without compromising patient outcomes.
  • Targeted interventions are needed to address US overutilization and ensure appropriate cancer diagnosis.