Single-Cell Sequencing: An Emerging Tool for Biomarker Development in Nuclear Emergencies and Radiation Oncology

Area of Science:

• Genomics
• Radiation Biology
• Biomarker Discovery

Background:

• Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is crucial for analyzing genetic changes in biological samples.
• NGS platforms can identify radiation-sensitive and dose-responsive biomarkers for patient management in nuclear emergencies.
• Bulk NGS provides population-level data, lacking individual cell resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current radiation dosimetry methods and identified radiation exposure biomarkers.
• To discuss the evolution of NGS techniques in radiation-related scenarios, including cancer treatment and emergencies.
• To emphasize the potential of single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) in radiation research.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on NGS, radiation dosimetry, and biomarkers.
• Analysis of single-cell sequencing applications in radiation biology.
• Focus on advancements in high-throughput and automated testing platforms.

Main Results:

• NGS aids in identifying radiation-sensitive and dose-responsive biomarkers.
• Single-cell sequencing reveals cellular heterogeneity and individual cell responses to radiation.
• scRNA-seq shows promise for identifying radiation exposure biomarkers and personalizing post-radiation care.

Conclusions:

• NGS, particularly single-cell sequencing, is transformative for radiation research.
• These technologies are vital for improving patient triage, risk stratification, and medical care following radiation exposure.
• Further development of scRNA-seq will enhance our understanding of radiation effects at the cellular level.