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Related Concept Videos

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

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Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
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Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Mechanical Modulation, Physiological Roles, and Imaging Innovations of Intercellular Calcium Waves in Living Systems.

Cole Mackey1,2, Yuning Feng1, Chenyu Liang1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

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Summary

Mechanical signals initiate intercellular calcium waves (ICWs), crucial for cell communication. This review explores ICW dynamics, mechanotransduction, and therapeutic potential in diseases like cancer.

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AI/ML imaging analysiscalcium wavescell–cell communicationsfunctional imagingmechanobiologymechanotransduction

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Mechanobiology

Background:

  • Long-range intercellular communication is vital for multicellular organisms.
  • Intercellular calcium waves (ICWs) are key long-range signals influencing cellular functions.
  • Mechanical signals, alongside biochemical and bioelectrical signals, can initiate and modulate ICWs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze the quantitative dynamics of ICWs at initiation, propagation, and regeneration stages.
  • To elucidate the mechanotransduction mechanisms by which cells convert mechanical stimuli into ICW dynamics.
  • To provide a comprehensive framework of ICW mechanobiology and propose mechano-therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of current literature on ICW dynamics.
  • Analysis of upstream molecules (mechanosensitive proteins, cytoskeleton) and downstream networks (ATP release, purinergic receptors, gap junctions).
  • Discussion of advanced imaging and AI/ML technologies for studying ICW and ATP wave dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Identified key upstream molecules and organelles involved in sensing mechanical stimuli.
  • Clarified the roles of downstream molecular networks in ICW signal mediation.
  • Highlighted the pathophysiological implications of ICWs in cancer, tissue repair, and development.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanotransduction significantly influences ICW dynamics.
  • ICWs have broad implications in health and disease, offering therapeutic targets.
  • Advanced technologies are crucial for understanding and potentially manipulating ICW signaling.