Patient-Reported Outcomes and Psychosocial Impact of Vascular Malformations in Asian Patients

Background: Vascular malformations (VAMs) impose multifaceted burdens extending beyond physical impairments to psychosocial dysfunction. While prior studies predominantly utilized generic quality-of-life instruments, disease-specific tools are critical for addressing heterogeneous symptom profiles and sociocultural variability, particularly in understudied Asian populations. This study investigated psychosocial impacts across pediatric and adult VAM patients via validated, condition-specific measures. Methods: A prospective cohort of 233 hospitalized VAM patients (114 pediatric patients, 119 adult patients) completed the OVAMA questionnaire, and 114 adult, 68 pediatric patients, and 115 parent-proxies completed corresponding PROMIS questionnaires. The subtypes included arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), venous/lymphatic/lymphovenous malformations (VMs/LMs/LVMs), port-wine stains (PWSs), and other vascular malformations. Statistical analyses (Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, linear regression) were used to evaluate associations between demographics, clinical characteristics, and psychosocial outcomes. Results: Compared with children, adults reported significantly greater distress related to general (p = 0.004) and appearance (p = 0.003) problems. Compared with AVM (p = 0.01) and PWS (p = 0.041) patients, VM/LM/LVM patients presented elevated general problem scores. Pain and bleeding were related to general problems, whereas temporary enlargement was related togeneral and appearance problems. The PROMIS results revealed that 42.1% of adults had below-normal psychosocial-positive scores, whereas 33% demonstrated abnormal psychosocial-negative scores. Pediatric self-reports were associated with higher anxiety and depression rates than parent proxies were, with the VM/LM/LVM subgroups reporting poorer family relationships (p = 0.0062) and life purposes (p = 0.0075). Treatment frequency was correlated with increased psychological stress in children (p = 0.007). Conclusion: VAMs significantly impair psychosocial functioning across all ages, with adults experiencing heightened distress and social role deficits. Pediatric patients with low-flow malformations (VMs/LMs/LVMs) face compound depressive symptoms and familial strain. Disease-specific tools such as OVAMA and PROMIS are essential for comprehensive assessments, guiding tailored interventions to address both physical and psychosocial burdens.