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  11. Retrospective Observational Study Of Csf-derived Hiv-1 Tat And Vpr Amino Acid Sequences In A South African Pediatric Cohort With Hiv Subtype C.
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  11. Retrospective Observational Study Of Csf-derived Hiv-1 Tat And Vpr Amino Acid Sequences In A South African Pediatric Cohort With Hiv Subtype C.

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Retrospective Observational Study of CSF-Derived HIV-1 Tat and Vpr Amino Acid Sequences in a South African Pediatric Cohort with HIV Subtype C.

Anicia Thirion1, Shayne Mason1, Du Toit Loots1

  • 1Biomedical and Molecular Metabolism Research (BioMMet), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 13, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzed HIV-1 Tat and Vpr protein sequences in cerebrospinal fluid from children. It found neuropathogenic variants, offering rare insights into pediatric HIV brain pathogenesis.

Keywords:
HIV-1TatVprpediatric

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) affects the central nervous system (CNS) early in infection.
  • HIV-associated neurocognitive impairments are significant in children, causing neurodevelopmental delay.
  • Viral proteins like Tat and Vpr are key in HIV neuropathogenesis, with sequence variations impacting disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence of neuropathogenic signatures in HIV-1 Tat and Vpr sequences within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children.
  • To compare pediatric CSF-derived HIV-1 sequences with blood-derived sequences globally.
  • To understand HIV-1 brain pathogenesis in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Sanger sequencing was used to analyze Tat and Vpr sequences from pediatric CSF samples.
sequencing
  • Retrospectively collected CSF samples from a South African pediatric HIV-1 subtype C cohort (n=4) were utilized.
  • CSF-derived sequences were compared with pediatric blood-derived sequences (n=43) from the Los Alamos database.

    • Main Results:

    • Neuropathogenic amino acid variants were identified in Tat and Vpr sequences from pediatric CSF samples.
    • No significant differences were observed between HIV-1 subtype C sequences from CSF and blood.
    • Regional analysis revealed distinct amino acid signatures in viral sequences.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite challenges in obtaining pediatric CSF, this study provides valuable insights into HIV-1 Tat and Vpr sequences in children.
    • The findings contribute to understanding HIV-1 brain pathogenesis in pediatric populations.
    • Identifying neuropathogenic variants in CSF is crucial for managing neurocognitive impairments in children with HIV.