Effect of Microglial Activity on Gut Microbiota in Rats with Neuropathic Pain

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between microglial activity and gut microbiota composition in a rat model of neuropathic pain (NP), and to evaluate how pregabalin treatment may influence these interrelated parameters. NP was simulated in rats via ligation and transection of the sciatic nerve. After confirming NP, the rats were randomly divided into treatment and control groups. Pregabalin (10 mg/kg) and the same dose of normal saline were administered to the treatment and control groups, respectively, on scheduled days. Microglial activity, cytokine levels, and the composition of the gut microbiota (assessed by the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio) were evaluated. Pregabalin treatment significantly reduced microglial activity (which was notably lower in the treatment group than in the control group) and modulated pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels. While the F/B ratio in the control group significantly increased after NP surgery, the treatment group showed an initial increase followed by a notable decrease, approaching pre-surgery levels by day 28. This finding suggests that pregabalin treatment in rats with NP ameliorates microglial activity and is associated with a beneficial shift in the gut microbiota composition.