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  7. Cardiovascular Medicine And Haematology
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  11. Divergent Immune Pathways In Coronary Artery Disease And Aortic Stenosis: The Role Of Chronic Inflammation And Senescence

Divergent Immune Pathways in Coronary Artery Disease and Aortic Stenosis: The Role of Chronic Inflammation and Senescence

José Joaquín Domínguez-Del-Castillo1,2, Pablo Álvarez-Heredia3,4, Irene Reina-Alfonso3

  • 1Cardiovascular Pathology Group (GA09), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute, University of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Avda Menedez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 13, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) involves immune system changes. Isolated CAD shows immune activation, while severe aortic stenosis with CAD (ASCAD) indicates immunosenescence and cytotoxicity, differentiating these conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis

Background:

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death, with immune dysregulation implicated in its development.
  • Aortic stenosis frequently co-occurs with CAD (ASCAD), signifying a more advanced disease state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate distinct immune system pathways in isolated CAD (iCAD) versus ASCAD.
  • To identify immune biomarkers that differentiate between iCAD and ASCAD.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood from 72 individuals (healthy, iCAD, ASCAD).
  • Measurement of circulating cytokine levels.
  • Application of machine learning models to identify predictive immune biomarkers.

Main Results:

Keywords:
aortic stenosisatherosclerosiscoronary artery diseaseflow cytometry

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  • Both iCAD and ASCAD patients displayed immune dysregulation compared to healthy donors.
  • iCAD patients exhibited heightened immune activation, characterized by increased inflammatory monocytes and T cell differentiation.
  • ASCAD patients showed signs of immunosenescence, increased neutrophils, lymphopenia, and elevated NK and T cell cytotoxicity.

Conclusions:

  • iCAD pathogenesis is linked to immune activation, while ASCAD is associated with immunosenescence and cytotoxicity.
  • Distinct immune profiles differentiate iCAD from ASCAD, with potential for immune-based classification.
  • Identifying these immune differences may inform future therapeutic strategies, especially for ASCAD where treatment options are limited.
immune profiling
immunosenescence
machine learning
predictive model