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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
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  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Biomedical And Clinical Sciences
  7. Cardiovascular Medicine And Haematology
  9. Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
  11. Pathophysiological Roles Of The Cx3cl1-cx3cr1 Axis In Renal Disease, Cardiovascular Disease, And Cancer.
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Biomedical And Clinical Sciences
  7. Cardiovascular Medicine And Haematology
  9. Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
  11. Pathophysiological Roles Of The Cx3cl1-cx3cr1 Axis In Renal Disease, Cardiovascular Disease, And Cancer.

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Pathophysiological Roles of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Axis in Renal Disease, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer.

Yuya Iwahashi1,2, Yuko Ishida1, Naofumi Mukaida1

  • 1Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 13, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis influences inflammatory diseases and cancer. This review details its dual role in disease progression and suppression, focusing on renal, cardiovascular, and cancer contexts.

Keywords:
CX3CL1CX3CR1cancerscardiovascular diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis, involving leukocyte migration factors, plays a role in inflammatory diseases and malignancies.
  • This axis regulates critical cellular processes like proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis resistance.
  • CX3CL1 exists in membrane-bound and soluble forms, each with distinct functions but binding to CX3CR1.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current findings on the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis's pathophysiological roles.
  • To highlight its involvement in renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.
  • To explore the emerging understanding of its dual role in disease progression and suppression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis.
inflammatory diseases
renal diseases
  • Analysis of research focusing on inflammatory diseases, malignancies, renal disease, and cardiovascular disease.
  • Synthesis of data regarding the axis's functions and clinical implications.

    • Main Results:

    • The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases.
    • Evidence suggests the axis can promote disease progression in some contexts.
    • Recent studies indicate a potential role for the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in disease suppression.

    Conclusions:

    • The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis is a significant chemokine system with therapeutic and diagnostic potential.
    • Its role is complex, acting as both a driver and suppressor of disease.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate its functions in specific diseases like renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.