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  11. Unraveling The Multilayered Regulatory Networks Of Mirnas And Phasirnas In Ginkgo Biloba

Unraveling the Multilayered Regulatory Networks of miRNAs and PhasiRNAs in Ginkgo biloba

Qixuan Wei1,2, Ang Xu1,2, Anqi Zhao1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 13, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identifies microRNAs (miRNAs) and phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) in Ginkgo biloba, revealing their roles in regulating gene expression for development and defense. It uncovers distinct regulatory networks involving miRNAs and phasiRNAs in this ancient gymnosperm.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Small RNAs (sRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs), are crucial regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes.
  • While extensively studied in angiosperms, sRNA pathways in ancient gymnosperms like Ginkgo biloba remain less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively identify and annotate microRNAs (miRNAs) and phased small interfering RNA (phasiRNA) precursor (PHAS) loci in the gymnosperm Ginkgo biloba.
  • To elucidate the regulatory roles and network structures of miRNAs and phasiRNAs in G. biloba, focusing on development and defense pathways.
  • To provide insights into the evolution of sRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation in plants.

Main Methods:

  • Deep sequencing of sRNA, transcriptome, and degradome libraries from Ginkgo biloba.
Keywords:
Ginkgo bilobadisease resistanceflavonoid biosynthesismiRNA-PHAS modules

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  • Bioinformatic analysis for identification and annotation of miRNAs and PHAS loci.
  • Target gene prediction, coexpression analysis, and pathway analysis to infer regulatory networks.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of 746 miRNAs and 654 PHAS loci in G. biloba.
    • Prediction that 80% of PHAS loci are triggered by miRNAs, with specific modules like miR159/miR319-PHAS potentially regulating reproductive development (targeting GAMYB) and miR390-PHAS involved in flavonoid biosynthesis (targeting CHS, ANS).
    • Discovery of two regulatory models: growth-related genes (ARF, GRF) regulated solely by miRNAs, and disease resistance genes regulated by both miRNAs and phasiRNAs.

    Conclusions:

    • This study provides the first comprehensive annotation of miRNA and PHAS loci in Ginkgo biloba, significantly advancing sRNA research in gymnosperms.
    • The findings reveal complex and diverse post-transcriptional regulatory networks mediated by miRNAs and phasiRNAs, impacting key biological processes including reproduction, metabolism, and disease resistance.
    • The identified regulatory mechanisms offer novel insights into the functional roles and evolutionary significance of sRNAs in ancient plant lineages.
    regulatory network
    reproductive development