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Advances in Optical Microfibers: From Fabrication to Functionalization and Sensing Applications
Joanna Korec-Kosturek1, Joanna E Moś1
1Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, Gen. Kaliskiego 2 St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 13, 2025
Summary
Optical microfibers, including tapers and gratings, are highly sensitive sensors. Coatings like graphene enhance their performance for various applications.
Area of Science:
- Photonics and Optical Engineering
- Materials Science
- Sensor Technology
Background:
- Optical fibers are crucial in telecommunications and industrial applications.
- Reducing fiber dimensions creates microfibers highly sensitive to environmental changes.
- These microfibers are ideal for developing advanced sensing elements.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the latest scientific trends in optical microfiber technologies.
- To explore various microfiber configurations like tapers, rings, loops, coils, and tapered fiber Bragg gratings.
- To discuss coating materials that enhance sensor sensitivity and selectivity.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on optical microfiber fabrication and applications.
- Analysis of different microfiber geometries and their sensing capabilities.
- Investigation of various coating materials (metals, oxides, polymers, graphene) and their impact on sensor performance.
Main Results:
- Optical microfibers exhibit high sensitivity due to evanescent wave interaction.
- Diverse microfiber structures (tapers, rings, loops, coils, gratings) offer unique sensing properties.
- Coating materials significantly improve sensitivity and enable selective detection of physical factors.
Conclusions:
- Optical microfibers are versatile and highly sensitive sensing elements.
- Tailored microfiber designs and advanced coatings are key to next-generation optical sensors.
- This review highlights the potential of optical microfibers in diverse scientific and industrial fields.
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