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Abrasion Resistance of Concrete

Abrasion Resistance of Concrete

Abrasion resistance is an essential characteristic of concrete that determines its durability and longevity under various wear conditions. Concrete surfaces are vulnerable to different types of abrasion. For instance, surfaces may wear down due to the constant movement of vehicles or be eroded by solids carried in water, as seen in concrete canal linings. Specific tests are conducted to measure the abrasion resistance of concrete.
One such test is the revolving disc test, where three plates...

Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate

Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate

Toughness and hardness are critical properties of aggregate materials used in concrete, particularly on pavement surfaces and industrial flooring subjected to heavy loads. Toughness is defined as the aggregate's resistance to failure by impact and is measured by the aggregate impact value (AIV). For this, the aggregate impact value test is performed, wherein the impact is delivered by a standard hammer, which falls freely under its own weight onto the aggregates. The aggregates fragment in...

Design Example: Aggregate Gradation

Design Example: Aggregate Gradation

The right type and quality of aggregates are crucial for concrete as they significantly influence its properties, mix proportions, and cost-effectiveness. If different sources are available for sand, the commonly used fine aggregate in concrete, the selection of sand is primarily based on its gradation.
The grading, or particle-size distribution, of sand is determined using sieve analysis, with standard sizes ranging from 150 μm to 10 mm (ASTM No. 100 sieve to 3⁄8 in. sieve). Sand is...

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.

Slump Test

Slump Test

The slump test is a widely used method to measure the workability of concrete. It employs a 12-inch high truncated cone mold that tapers from eight inches at the base to four inches at the top. Before testing, the mold is securely attached to a flat base and dampened.
Concrete is poured into the mold in three layers to conduct the test. Each layer is compacted 25 times with a steel tamping rod, which has a five-eighths-inch diameter and a rounded end, to ensure even distribution and eliminate...

Deleterious Substances in Aggregate

Deleterious Substances in Aggregate

Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
Another type of impurity is clay and fine material that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Advanced Self-Healing Asphalt Reinforced by Graphene Structures: An Atomistic Insight

Advanced Self-Healing Asphalt Reinforced by Graphene Structures: An Atomistic Insight

Published on: May 31, 2022

Performance Evaluation of Stone Mastic Asphalt Involving Coarse Steel Slag and Fine RAP.

Yan Wu¹, Weidong Cao², Chao Xu¹

¹Qilu Expressway Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 13, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Stone mastic asphalt (SMA) utilizing steel slag and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) offers superior rutting and low-temperature cracking resistance. This cost-effective SR-SMA mixture provides a sustainable alternative to traditional basalt aggregate SMA, reducing material costs by 35%.

Keywords:

mix design pavement performance reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)steel slag stone matrix asphalt (SMA)

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Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent

Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent

Published on: February 21, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Civil Engineering
Sustainable Pavement Engineering

Background:

Stone mastic asphalt (SMA) is a prevalent highway pavement mixture in China.
Rising costs and scarcity of high-quality basalt aggregate necessitate alternative materials.
Abundant steel slag and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) offer potential replacements.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the pavement performance of a novel SMA mixture (SR-SMA) incorporating steel slag and RAP.
To compare the performance of SR-SMA against traditional SMA (B-SMA) and a hybrid (SB-SMA) mixture.
To assess the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of using steel slag and RAP in SMA.

Main Methods:

Designed SMA 13 mixtures using coarse steel slag aggregate and fine RAP (SR-SMA).
Conducted comparative performance tests: wheel-tracking, low-temperature beam bending, freeze-thaw indirect tensile, and four-point bending fatigue tests.
Evaluated three SMA variants: SR-SMA (steel slag and RAP), SB-SMA (steel slag and basalt), and B-SMA (basalt only).

Main Results:

SR-SMA exhibited superior rutting resistance (4865 passes/mm) compared to SB-SMA (4312) and B-SMA (4135).
SR-SMA demonstrated enhanced low-temperature cracking resistance (failure strain 3150 με), outperforming B-SMA (2608 με) but slightly less than SB-SMA (4436 με).
SR-SMA showed poorer moisture stability than B-SMA and SB-SMA but met Chinese specifications; fatigue resistance was comparable across all variants.

Conclusions:

SR-SMA, utilizing steel slag and RAP, is a cost-effective alternative to conventional basalt aggregate SMA, reducing material costs by approximately 35%.
The SR-SMA mixture demonstrates excellent rutting resistance and good low-temperature cracking performance.
SR-SMA presents a viable and sustainable solution for highway pavement construction in China, addressing aggregate scarcity and utilizing waste materials.