Exploring the Public Awareness of Thyroid Cancer in Northern Saudi Arabia: A Preliminary Stage for Health Promotion

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy in Saudi Arabia, with rising incidence and notable gender disparities. However, public awareness and understanding, particularly in the Northern region, remain limited. This study aims to assess knowledge, awareness, and preventive practices regarding thyroid cancer among northern Saudi Arabian residents and identify sociodemographic factors associated with levels of knowledge, awareness, and engagement in preventive practices.

A cross-sectional survey of 702 participants from northern Saudi Arabia was conducted using a validated online questionnaire. Participants were recruited via social media platforms and online community groups. The survey assessed sociodemographic data, knowledge of risk factors, symptoms, and screening practices, perceptions of curability and prevention, and engagement with awareness campaigns. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to analyze associations.

The majority of respondents were young, female, and highly educated. Only 1.3% reported a personal history of thyroid cancer. Knowledge gaps regarding risk factors, screening practices, and curability were evident: 54.6% had never undergone thyroid hormone analysis, and 91% had not received thyroid imaging. Nearly half (48.6%) were uncertain about the curability of thyroid cancer, and only 27.8% recognized its genetic basis. While 62.1% believed thyroid cancer could be prevented, just 18.4% participated in awareness campaigns. Significant associations were found between knowledge of screening practices and age, education, nationality, and having family or friends in the medical field (p < 0.05).

Significant gaps in awareness of thyroid cancer risk factors and early detection practices exist among northern Saudi residents. Culturally tailored educational interventions and integration of thyroid health into primary care are urgently needed to address these deficiencies and improve outcomes.