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Water Buffalo's Adaptability to Different Environments and Farming Systems: A Review.

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Summary

Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) farming is vital for global nutrition and diverse ecosystems. Sustainable practices, including genetic enhancement and manure management, are key to addressing intensive farming challenges and ensuring buffalo enterprises remain viable.

Keywords:
buffaloextensive farmingfamily farminghumid savannahintensive farmingmarshlands

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Sustainable Agriculture
  • Ecosystem Management

Background:

  • Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) are crucial for global food security, providing high-value protein and thriving in diverse, often challenging environments.
  • Their unique ability to convert fiber and inhabit ecosystems unsuitable for other ruminants highlights their ecological and economic importance.
  • Intensive farming practices raise concerns regarding climate change, necessitating a focus on sustainable solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review global buffalo farming systems and their applications.
  • To evaluate the adaptability and resilience of buffalo in various farming contexts.
  • To identify key factors influencing the sustainability and viability of buffalo enterprises.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of buffalo farming systems across different global regions.
  • Analysis of buffalo adaptability traits in relation to environmental and economic challenges.
  • Exploration of strategies for sustainable buffalo production.

Main Results:

  • Buffalo farming systems vary globally, adapted to local environmental and economic conditions.
  • Buffalo's adaptability to harsh environments and their role in ecosystem sustainability are confirmed.
  • Various strategies, including genetic improvement and resource optimization, are being implemented to enhance sustainability.

Conclusions:

  • The adaptability of buffalo and the management of environmental/economic challenges are critical for enterprise viability.
  • Sustainable buffalo farming practices are essential for meeting global nutritional needs and preserving biodiversity.
  • Further research into optimizing buffalo farming systems can enhance their contribution to rural economies and ecosystems.