Balancing Yields and Sustainability: An Eco-Friendly Approach to Losartan Synthesis Using Green Palladium...

Area of Science:

• Green Chemistry
• Catalysis
• Pharmaceutical Synthesis

Background:

• Traditional pharmaceutical synthesis often involves hazardous reagents and solvents.
• There is a growing need for sustainable and environmentally friendly drug manufacturing processes.
• Developing efficient and recyclable catalysts is crucial for green chemistry initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a sustainable and environmentally friendly synthetic route for losartan production.
• To utilize palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) derived from brown seaweed as a recyclable nanocatalyst.
• To prioritize safety and environmental considerations in pharmaceutical process development.

Main Methods:

• Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of 2-bromobenzonitrile and 4-methylphenylboronic acid using bio-derived PdNPs.
• Bromination using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) under LED light.
• Subsequent imidazole coupling and tetrazole ring formation to produce losartan.

Main Results:

• A key biaryl intermediate was synthesized with 98% yield.
• Losartan was produced with an overall yield of 27% under mild conditions.
• The bio-derived PdNP catalyst demonstrated high stability, recyclability, and catalytic activity with no detected nitrosamine formation.

Conclusions:

• The study successfully demonstrates a greener synthetic route for losartan production, prioritizing safety and sustainability.
• The use of seaweed-derived PdNPs offers a viable, recyclable catalytic system for pharmaceutical synthesis.
• This approach aligns with green chemistry principles and regulatory frameworks, paving the way for sustainable drug manufacturing.