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Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Cellular Affinity of Particle-Stabilized Emulsion to Boost Antigen Internalization
Published on: September 2, 2022
Okra Flower Polysaccharide-Pea Protein Conjugates Stabilized Pickering Emulsion Enhances Apigenin Stability,
Nuo Zhang1, Jiale You1, Xiaoli Yan1
1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Pea protein isolate (PPI) was conjugated with okra flower polysaccharide (OP) using the Maillard reaction, creating a novel emulsifier. This protein-polysaccharide conjugate significantly enhanced emulsion stability, apigenin (API) delivery, and bioavailability.
Area of Science:
- Food Science
- Biomaterials Science
Background:
- Protein-polysaccharide conjugates enhance Pickering emulsion stability for active substance delivery.
- Okra flower polysaccharides offer a sustainable source for developing novel emulsifiers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To create and characterize pea protein isolate (PPI)-okra flower polysaccharide (OP) conjugates via the Maillard reaction.
- To evaluate the emulsifying properties and active substance delivery capabilities of the PPI-OP conjugate-stabilized emulsions.
Main Methods:
- Maillard reaction under optimized conditions (70 °C, pH 10, 12 h) with a 1:1 mass ratio of PPI and OP.
- Characterization of conjugate structure, particle size, zeta-potential, and emulsifying stability.
- Assessment of encapsulation efficiency, protective efficacy, and controlled release of apigenin (API).
Main Results:
- Achieved a high grafting degree (22.80 ± 0.26%) in PPI-OP conjugates, reducing particle size and zeta-potential.
- Significantly improved emulsifying stability (80.39% increase) and stability under diverse conditions.
- Demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency (91.52 ± 0.75%) and enhanced apigenin bioaccessibility (74.58 ± 1.19%) and bioavailability.
Conclusions:
- Covalent conjugation of pea protein isolate with okra flower polysaccharide is an effective strategy to enhance emulsifying properties.
- The PPI-OP emulsion delivery system shows significant potential for improved nutrient delivery and bioavailability.
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