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Direct-Ink-Writing Printed Aerogels with Dynamically Reversible Thermal Management and Tunable Electromagnetic

Yali Zhang¹, An Liu¹, Yuanyuan Tian²

¹Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|June 13, 2025

Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed 3D printed aerogels using calcium chloride-crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose for tunable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. These adaptive materials offer precise structural control and adjustable performance for advanced applications.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Additive Manufacturing

Background:

Achieving both structural precision and tunable performance in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials is challenging for adaptive applications.
Existing materials often have limitations in structural design and performance adjustability.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a strategy integrating calcium chloride (CaCl₂)-induced elastic activation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing.
To address limitations in structural design and performance adjustability of EMI shielding materials.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of honeycomb-structured aerogels using CaCl₂-crosslinked CMC (CCMC) as a flexible matrix.
Integration of Ti₃C₂Tₓ and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with Ag nanowires (AgNWs) within the CCMC matrix.

Keywords:

3D printing direct ink writing dynamically reversible thermal management electromagnetic interference shielding infrared stealth

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Utilizing direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing for precise architectural control.

Main Results:

An optimal shielding effectiveness of 80 dB was achieved with specific printing parameters (35% fill density, 40 wt% Ti₃C₂Tₓ, 60% compressive strain).
The aerogel demonstrated reversible infrared stealth properties.
Dynamically switchable thermal properties (0.08 to 0.67 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹) were observed in response to humidity variations.

Conclusions:

A versatile approach for structurally adaptive EMI shielding materials with self-regulating thermal behavior was demonstrated.
The developed aerogels show promise for harsh environment protection, intelligent thermal camouflage, and adaptive shielding in aerospace and communication technologies.