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Updated: Jun 15, 2025

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Lignin-Based Therapeutics: Targeting Mitochondrial Pathways in Osteosarcoma.

Yilin Wang1, Sheng Zhou2, Zaikai Zhuang2

  • 1Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|June 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lignin derivatives show promise for treating osteosarcoma (OS) by inducing cancer cell death. Modified lignins with amino and benzylamine groups effectively inhibited tumor growth in preclinical studies.

Keywords:
antitumor activityapoptosisfunctionalized ligninmitochondria-dependent pathwaymitochondrial damageosteosarcoma treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cancer Biology
  • Drug Development

Background:

  • Lignin, a natural polymer, has potential in cancer therapy but faces bioavailability and structural challenges.
  • Developing effective and safe cancer treatments remains a critical medical need.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate novel lignin derivatives for enhanced antitumor activity against osteosarcoma (OS).
  • To investigate the apoptotic mechanisms and therapeutic efficacy of these lignin derivatives.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of lignin derivatives incorporating bioactive intermediates.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays on osteosarcoma cells.
  • In vivo studies to assess tumor inhibition and biosafety.
  • Mitochondrial pathway analysis (cytochrome C release, BAX, BCL2, CASP3/9 expression).

Main Results:

  • Lignin derivatives induced apoptosis in OS cells via a mitochondria-dependent pathway.
  • Derivatives with amino and benzylamine groups showed significant cytotoxicity and tumor inhibition (up to 48%).
  • Mechanisms involved mitochondrial membrane disruption, cytochrome C release, and modulation of apoptosis-related proteins.
  • Effective OS cell proliferation inhibition with a good biosafety profile in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Lignin derivatives represent a promising therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma.
  • Modification of lignin with bioactive intermediates enhances antitumor efficacy.
  • This approach utilizes renewable resources for sustainable pharmaceutical development.