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Implementation Drivers of COVID-19 Prevention Strategies in K-12 School Settings: A Qualitative Analysis
Dana Keener Mast1, Syreeta Skelton-Wilson1, Chloe Chung2
1ICF, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Background:
In August 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released guidance to prevent transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in K-12 education settings. Schools varied in the degree to which they were able to implement COVID-19 prevention strategies during the height of the pandemic.
Methods:
An evaluation team conducted interviews with state education staff and focus groups with district and school staff over 2 years to explore contextual factors that influenced the implementation of CDC's recommended COVID-19 prevention strategies.
Results:
Eight implementation drivers influenced COVID-19 response efforts in school settings, including COVID-19 guidance, political climate, communication challenges, state health and education agency support, partnerships, physical and financial resources, staffing, and student needs.
Implications For School Health Policy, Practice, And Equity:
Evaluation results offer insights for future guidance and support for schools and educators as they continue efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases for safe in-person learning.
Conclusions:
The authors describe key drivers and conditions that influenced, facilitated, and/or impeded schools' implementation of COVID-19 prevention strategies. Federal, state, district, and school leadership can use the results to bolster future emergency preparedness and response efforts to protect student and school employee health.
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