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Sympathetic rhythms during hyperventilation-induced apnea.

C A Connelly, R D Wurster

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |October 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Hyperventilation-induced apnea abolishes respiratory modulation of sympathetic nerve activity. This respiratory rhythmicity returns upon resumption of normal breathing, indicating central nervous system control of sympathetic rhythms.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Sympathetic nerve activity exhibits respiratory modulation.
    • Understanding the origin of these rhythms is crucial for cardiovascular regulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of hyperventilation-induced apnea on the respiratory rhythmicity of sympathetic nerve activity.
    • To determine the central nervous system's role in generating respiratory-related sympathetic rhythms.

    Main Methods:

    • Spectral analysis of sympathetic nerve frequencies in anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated cats.
    • Recording of phrenic, external intercostal, and inferior cardiac sympathetic nerves.
    • Assessment of baroreceptor reflexes and electrocardiogram (R wave)-triggered sympathetic activity.

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    Main Results:

    • Respiratory modulation of sympathetic activity, observed as spectral peaks coinciding with respiratory frequencies during normoventilation, disappeared during hyperventilation-induced apnea.
    • These spectral peaks reappeared with the return of phrenic nerve activity upon resuming normoventilation.
    • Baroreceptor-mediated responses and cardiac-related sympathetic activity remained unaffected.

    Conclusions:

    • Central respiratory inputs to sympathetic pathways in the central nervous system are the primary source of respiratory-related sympathetic rhythms.
    • Non-respiratory sympathetic rhythms may originate from artificial ventilator influences, baroreflex-autonomic oscillation loops, or Mayer waves.