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Related Concept Videos

Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Eddy Currents

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Since eddy currents occur only in conductors, magnets can separate metals from other materials. For example, in a recycling center, trash is dumped in batches down a ramp, beneath which lies a powerful magnet. Conductors in the trash are slowed by eddy currents, while nonmetals in the trash move on, separating from the metals. This works for all metals, not just ferromagnetic ones.
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Theory of Metallic Conduction

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
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Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
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Magneto-thermal switching using superconducting metals and alloys.

Hiroto Arima1,2, Takumi Murakami2, Poonam Rani2

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Superconductors act as magneto-thermal switches (MTS) by altering thermal conductivity. This review covers MTS in various superconductors, highlighting nonvolatile switching in phase-separated types.

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Magneto-thermal switchingalloycritical fieldphase separationsoldersuperconductorthermal conductivity

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Superconductors exhibit reduced thermal conductivity (κ) in the superconducting state due to Cooper pair formation.
  • This phenomenon allows superconductors to function as magneto-thermal switches (MTS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review magneto-thermal switch (MTS) behavior in different classes of superconductors.
  • To identify key factors influencing MTS performance and characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on MTS in pure-metal, phase-separated, and alloy-based superconductors.
  • Analysis of thermal conductivity changes and switching mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • High-purity superconducting metals can achieve a large switching ratio in MTS.
  • Phase-separated superconductors demonstrate nonvolatile MTS, with flux-trapping states being critical.

Conclusions:

  • MTS behavior varies significantly across different superconductor types.
  • Phase-separated superconductors offer unique nonvolatile switching capabilities for advanced applications.