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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function

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Patrolling monocytes mediate virus neutralizing IgG effector functions: beyond neutralization capacity.

Abdelrahman Elwy¹, Swati Dhiman¹, Hossam Abdelrahman¹

¹Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.

Frontiers in Immunology

|June 13, 2025

Summary

Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) primarily rely on patrolling monocytes, not just direct neutralization, for antiviral defense. These monocytes bind nAbs via Fc receptors, targeting infected cells to control viral spread.

Keywords:

IgG LCMV neutralizing antibodies passive immunization patrolling monocytes

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2025

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Published on: September 23, 2022

Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Therapeutics

Background:

Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are crucial for pandemic virus therapeutics.
Their Fc receptor-mediated effector functions are not fully understood.
Identifying effector cells is key to regulating antibody activity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of Fc receptors and effector cells in nAb antiviral activity.
To determine the contribution of monocytes to nAb-mediated virus control.
To elucidate the mechanism of nAb protection against viral infections.

Main Methods:

Utilized lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) model.
Administered nAbs from immune sera and monoclonal antibodies.
Depleted patrolling monocytes and blocked FcγRIV to assess impact on viral control.

Main Results:

nAbs demonstrated dependency on Fc receptors for antiviral activity.
Therapy with nAbs was highly protective in the presence of patrolling monocytes.
Monocyte depletion or FcγRIV blockade significantly reduced nAb-mediated virus control.

Conclusions:

Patrolling monocytes are essential for nAb-mediated antiviral protection.
Monocytes bind nAbs via FcγRIV to target infected cells.
nAbs exert antiviral effects through both direct neutralization and monocyte engagement.