Innovations in Cancer Immunotherapy Drug Delivery Technologies: A Systematic Review

An innovative method in oncology, cancer immunotherapy uses the body's immune system to fight cancer cells. Despite its potential, nonspecific inflammation and autoimmunity provide major obstacles to the clinical implementation of immunotherapy. The goal of recent developments in medication delivery technology was to improve these treatments' effectiveness and safety. This systematic review explores innovative approaches such as nanoparticle-based delivery systems, biomaterial scaffolds, injectable hydrogels, transdermal delivery methods, and T-cell therapy delivery technologies. Nanoparticles are shown to improve drug localization and modulate pharmacokinetics, while biomaterials provide platforms for controlled and localized release of immunotherapies, reducing systemic toxicity. Injectable scaffolds create local immunogenic environments without requiring surgical implantation and transdermal delivery systems like microneedle patches enhance local immune activation. Advances in T-cell therapy delivery, such as DNA nanocarriers for in situ engineering and surface-conjugated nanoparticles, are intended to enhance the localization and effectiveness of adoptive T-cell therapies. Taken as a whole, these developments provide potential answers to the present problems with cancer immunotherapy, opening the door to safer and more efficient forms of treatment. Further research is essential to optimize these technologies for clinical application, ensuring long-term safety and efficacy.