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Related Experiment Video

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A CO2 Concentration Gradient Facility for Testing CO2 Enrichment and Soil Effects on Grassland Ecosystem Function

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Impact of Rising CO₂ on Food Security and Human Health Risks and Potential Adaptation Strategies.

Dongming Wang^1,2,3, Josep Peñuelas^4,5, Ye Tao⁶

¹State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.

Global Change Biology

|June 13, 2025

Summary

Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) boosts crop yields but reduces nutritional quality and increases arsenic in rice. Strategies are needed to address these impacts on global food security.

Keywords:

crop yield elevated CO2 food security greenhouse gas emissions quality soil fertility

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Environmental Science
Climate Change Research

Background:

Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments reveal significant impacts of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) on crop systems and food security.
Elevated CO2 (eCO2) generally enhances C3 crop yields, but responses vary genetically, with rice showing lower-than-expected increases.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the multifaceted effects of elevated CO2 on crop yield, nutritional quality, soil health, and global food security.
To highlight the urgent need for adaptation strategies to mitigate negative impacts of climate change on agriculture.

Main Methods:

Analysis of decades of Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experimental data.
Review of scientific literature on CO2 effects on crop physiology, nutrition, soil biogeochemistry, and greenhouse gas emissions.

Main Results:

Elevated CO2 increases C3 crop yields but decreases nutritional quality and elevates toxic arsenic (As) in rice, posing health risks.
Long-term eCO2 may reduce soil phosphate (P) availability and increase methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions.
Global food security inequities are likely to worsen, with vulnerable regions disproportionately affected.

Conclusions:

Urgent development of strategies is required to mitigate declining crop nutrition and arsenic exposure.
Sustainable agricultural ecosystems necessitate region-specific adaptation strategies, including agronomic management, crop breeding, and policy interventions.
Addressing CO2 impacts is critical for ensuring future global food security and resilience.