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Risk Factors for Stricture After Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Large Rectal Neoplasms
Daniel T Rezende1, Fabio S Kawaguti1,2, Cintia M S Kimura3,4
1Division of Endoscopy, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Background:
Although acute adverse events after endoscopic submucosal dissection, such as perforation and bleeding, are well documented, studies on stricture are scarce.
Objective:
This study aims to identify risk factors for rectal stricture and symptomatic stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection and to evaluate patient outcomes in a Western tertiary cancer center.
Design:
Single-center retrospective study from a prospectively collected database of rectal endoscopic submucosal dissections.
Settings:
Reference cancer center.
Patients:
Patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection for rectal neoplasms from July 2010 to January 2020. Exclusion criteria included incomplete resections, referral for low anterior resection, proximal diversions (in the symptomatic group), and loss to follow-up. A specific follow-up protocol was established for patients with lesions occupying more than 90% of the rectal circumference.
Interventions:
Rectal strictures were classified as complete or partial.
Main Outcome Measures:
Assessment of risk factors for stricture after rectal endoscopic submucosal dissection.
Results:
Of 109 rectal lesions resected, 94 cases were included. Twenty patients (21.3%) developed strictures (13 complete and 7 partial stricture). Univariate analysis identified distance from the anal verge <5 cm, larger size, and circumferential mucosal defect of more than 90% as significantly associated with stricture ( p < 0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that only a circumferential mucosal defect of 90% or more was significantly associated with stricture ( p < 0.001). None of the patients with partial stricture were symptomatic, whereas 11 of 13 with complete stricture were symptomatic. All symptomatic patients underwent serial dilations, either with balloon or digitally, with symptom resolution occurring within 1 to 8 months (mean of 7.8 sessions of dilation procedures).
Limitations:
Single-center retrospective study.
Conclusions:
Circumferential mucosal defect of 90% or more was the only significant risk factor for stricture after extensive rectal endoscopic submucosal dissection procedures on multivariable analysis. All patients with symptomatic stricture were successfully treated with dilation sessions. See Video Abstract .
Factores De Riesgo Asociados A Estenosis Tras La Diseccin Submucosa Endoscpica De Neoplasias Rectales Voluminosas:
ANTECEDENTES:Si bien los eventos adversos agudos tras la disección submucosa endoscópica, como la perforación y el sangrado, están bien documentados, los estudios sobre estenosis son escasos.OBJETIVO:Este estudio busca identificar factores de riesgo para las estenosis rectales y estenosis sintomáticas tras la disección submucosa endoscópica, y evaluar los resultados de los pacientes en un centro oncológico occidental de nível terciário.DISEÑO:Estudio retrospectivo unicéntrico a partir de una base de datos prospectiva de disecciones submucosas endoscópicas rectales.CONTEXTO:Centro oncológico de referencia.PACIENTES:Pacientes sometidos a disección submucosa endoscópica por neoplasias rectales entre julio de 2010 y enero de 2020. Los criterios de exclusión fueron resecciones incompletas, derivación para resección anterior baja, derivaciones proximales (grupo sintomático) y pérdida de seguimiento. Se estableció un protocolo de seguimiento específico para pacientes con lesiones que ocupaban más del 90% de la circunferencia rectal.INTERVENCIONES:Las estenosis rectales se clasificaron como completas o parciales.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADOS:Evaluación de los factores de riesgo para estenosis tras la disección submucosa endoscópica rectal.RESULTADOS:De 109 lesiones rectales resecadas, se incluyeron 94 casos. Veinte pacientes (21,3%) desarrollaron estenosis (trece estenosis completas y siete estenosis parciales). El análisis univariado identificó a la distancia del margen anal < 5 cm, el mayor tamaño y el defecto mucoso circunferencial > 90% como significativamente asociados con la estenosis (p < 0,05). El análisis multivariante mostró que solo el defecto mucoso circunferencial ≥ 90% se asoció significativamente con la estenosis (p < 0,001). Ninguno de los pacientes con estenosis parciales presentó síntomas, mientras que once de los trece con estenosis completa sí los presentaron. Todos los pacientes sintomáticos se sometieron a dilataciones seriadas, ya sea con balón o digitales, con resolución de los síntomas en un plazo de 1 a 8 meses (media de 7,8 sesiones de dilatación).LIMITACIONES:Estudio retrospectivo unicéntrico.CONCLUSIONES:Un defecto mucoso circunferencial ≥90% fue el único factor de riesgo significativo de estenosis tras procedimientos rectales de disección endoscópica submucosa extensas en el análisis multivariable. Todos los pacientes con estenosis sintomática fueron tratados con éxito mediante sesiones de dilatación. (Traducción-Dr Osvaldo Gauto ).
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