Pan Immune Inflammation Index: A New Biomarker for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

The authors' study aimed to calculate and evaluate the inflammatory parameters of preoperative and postoperative hemograms of patients who underwent obstructive sleep apnea surgery. The authors also aimed to compare these parameters with the patients' clinical and polysomnography (PSG) results and investigate their role in diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and assessing disease severity.

Data from 78 OSA patients, including 39 with mild and 39 with severe OSA who underwent palatal surgery, were analyzed retrospectively. Fifty patients with simple snoring and an AHI below 5 in PSG were included in the control group. Demographic data, body mass index, postoperative follow-up period, preoperative and postoperative PSG results, and the patients' blood parameters were evaluated. The panimmune inflammation index, systemic immune response index, systemic immune inflammation index, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte ratios were compared with the patients' clinical data and PSG results.

There were significant differences between the blood parameters of the OSA patient group and the control group. Lymphocyte and monocyte values were significantly higher in OSA patients compared with the control group. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between the apnea index (AI) and the panimmune inflammation index (PII) in OSA patients.

Obstructive sleep apnea is a disease that affects the entire body and causes systemic inflammation. In this study, lymphocyte and monocyte values were identified as high markers of chronic inflammation in OSA patients. AI values and the Panimmune inflammation index demonstrated a positive correlation. It is believed that the Panimmune inflammation index may be significant in the diagnosis and follow-up of OSA compared with other hematological indices, and it may be further developed and utilized in the future.