Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

59
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
59
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

15
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
15
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

22
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
22

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sympatric Occurrence of Five Exophilic Tick Species in the Levice Region (Southwestern Slovakia) and Their Infection with Tick-Borne Pathogens.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Human epidermal Langerhans cells induce tolerance and hamper T cell function upon tick-borne pathogen transmission.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Editorial: Skin - confluence of vertebrate host defences, arthropod vectors, and vector-borne pathogens.

Frontiers in immunology·2025
Same author

Living with ticks: Results of an online survey of the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding ticks and tick-borne pathogens in academic environments across Europe.

Ticks and tick-borne diseases·2025
Same author

Two decades of research on <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> sensu lato in questing <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> ticks in Slovakia.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology·2024
Same author

The role of wildlife in the epidemiology of tick-borne diseases in Slovakia.

Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research
08:23

Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research

Published on: August 31, 2013

13.2K

Generation of Ticks Infected with Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus.

Pavlína Bartíková1, Iveta Štibrániová1, Mária Kazimírová2

  • 1Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new method to infect ticks with tick-borne encephalitis virus. This parenteral inoculation technique bypasses natural infection routes, achieving over 90% infection efficiency in ticks.

Keywords:
Ixodes ricinusParenteral inoculationTick-borne encephalitis virus

More Related Videos

Rearing Ixodes scapularis, the Black-legged Tick: Feeding Immature Stages on Mice
06:00

Rearing Ixodes scapularis, the Black-legged Tick: Feeding Immature Stages on Mice

Published on: May 8, 2017

12.0K
Tick Microbiome Characterization by Next-Generation 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing
07:21

Tick Microbiome Characterization by Next-Generation 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing

Published on: August 25, 2018

12.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research
08:23

Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research

Published on: August 31, 2013

13.2K
Rearing Ixodes scapularis, the Black-legged Tick: Feeding Immature Stages on Mice
06:00

Rearing Ixodes scapularis, the Black-legged Tick: Feeding Immature Stages on Mice

Published on: May 8, 2017

12.0K
Tick Microbiome Characterization by Next-Generation 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing
07:21

Tick Microbiome Characterization by Next-Generation 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing

Published on: August 25, 2018

12.8K

Area of Science:

  • Arthropod-borne disease research
  • Virology
  • Vector competence studies

Background:

  • Tick-borne viruses necessitate infected tick models for research.
  • Current tick infection methods rely on animal feeding, raising ethical concerns about animal usage.
  • Reducing laboratory animal use is a key ethical consideration in scientific research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe an alternative method for infecting ticks with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV).
  • To establish an efficient tick infection protocol that minimizes laboratory animal use.
  • To provide a reliable method for generating infected ticks for vector competence and host interaction studies.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a parenteral inoculation technique for introducing TBEV directly into the tick hemocoel.
  • Comparison of infection efficiency with natural feeding methods (implied).
  • Assessment of TBEV presence and viability in inoculated ticks.

Main Results:

  • The parenteral inoculation method achieved high infection efficiency, with over 90% of ticks successfully infected.
  • The method bypasses some natural barriers encountered during virus uptake via a blood meal.
  • Infected ticks contained viable virus, suitable for subsequent experimental use.

Conclusions:

  • Parenteral inoculation is a highly efficient alternative method for infecting ticks with TBEV.
  • This technique significantly reduces the reliance on laboratory animals for generating infected tick models.
  • The described method supports ethical research practices while ensuring the availability of reliably infected ticks.