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Related Concept Videos

Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
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Prochirality02:05

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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons00:58

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

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Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...
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Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Engineering Molecular Recognition with Bio-mimetic Polymers on Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes
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Engineered chirality of one-dimensional nanowires.

Megan Briggeman1,2, Elliott Mansfield3, Johannes Kombe3

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.

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Summary

Chirality in biological molecules is key. Researchers engineered chiral electron potentials, observing enhanced electron pairing and spin-orbit interactions, opening new avenues for quantum simulation of spin-polarized electron transport.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Materials
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Chirality is fundamental to biological building blocks like DNA and proteins.
  • The chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect links molecular chirality to spin-polarized electron transport.
  • Understanding chirality's role in electron transfer is a central biological question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer artificial chiral electron potentials lacking mirror symmetry.
  • To investigate electron pairing and transport phenomena in these engineered chiral systems.
  • To explore the potential for analog quantum simulation of chirality and spin effects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized reconfigurable nanoscale control over conductivity at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface.
  • Created one-dimensional chiral electron potentials (nanowires) with broken mirror symmetry.
  • Performed quantum transport measurements, including magnetic field and chemical potential sweeps.

Main Results:

  • Observed enhanced electron pairing that persists up to high magnetic fields (18 tesla).
  • Detected oscillatory transmission resonances as a function of magnetic field and chemical potential.
  • Interpreted resonances as evidence of an engineered axial spin-orbit interaction.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated the creation of artificial chiral electron waveguides with specific properties.
  • The engineered systems exhibit unique quantum transport phenomena, including robust electron pairing.
  • These findings offer a platform for analog quantum simulation of chirality-driven spin-polarized transport.