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Related Concept Videos

Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

Cryo-electron Microscopy

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Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
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Trapping and imaging dynamic battery nanointerfaces via electrified cryo-EM.

Chongzhen Wang1,2, Jung Tae Kim1,2, Xintong Yuan1,2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

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Electrified cryo-electron microscopy (eCryo-EM) reveals solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth dynamics. Lowered electrolyte reactivity, not ion diffusivity, explains high coulombic efficiency in batteries.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • The electrified interface between liquid and solid phases is crucial for batteries and biological systems.
  • Conventional tools cannot capture the nanoscale dynamics of this metastable interface.
  • Understanding the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is key to battery performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the nanoscale dynamics of the electrified interface during battery operation.
  • To quantify the early-stage growth kinetics of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI).
  • To elucidate the factors governing the performance of different SEI chemistries.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing electrified cryo-electron microscopy (eCryo-EM) to rapidly freeze and capture dynamic, nonequilibrium interfacial states.
  • Analyzing collective snapshots of the electrified interface at controlled time intervals.
  • Quantifying SEI growth kinetics under diffusion-limited and reaction-limited regimes.

Main Results:

  • The diffusivity of charged species in two SEI films with different chemistries was found to be similar (within 10%).
  • The reaction-limited SEI growth regimes differed by a factor of 3 between the two SEI films.
  • Lowered reactivity of the high-performance electrolyte was identified as the primary reason for its high coulombic efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Electrified cryo-electron microscopy (eCryo-EM) provides unprecedented nanoscale insights into SEI formation.
  • SEI performance is primarily dictated by its reactivity rather than ion diffusivity.
  • This work offers a new method for understanding and optimizing battery interfaces.