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Sound Waves: Resonance

Sound Waves: Resonance

Resonance is produced depending on the boundary conditions imposed on a wave. Resonance can be produced in a string under tension with symmetrical boundary conditions (i.e., has a node at each end). A node is defined as a fixed point where the string does not move. The symmetrical boundary conditions result in some frequencies resonating and producing standing waves, while other frequencies interfere destructively. Sound waves can resonate in a hollow tube, and the frequencies of the sound...

Parallel Resonance

Parallel Resonance

The parallel RLC circuit is an arrangement where the resistor (R), inductor (L), and capacitor (C) are all connected to the same nodes and, as a result, share the same voltage across them. The parallel RLC circuit is analyzed in terms of admittance (Y), which reflects the ease with which current can flow. The admittance is given by:

Resonance in an AC Circuit

Resonance in an AC Circuit

The property of an inductor makes it resist any change in the current passing through it, while the property of a capacitor is to build up the charge across its terminals. Hence, if an inductor and capacitor are connected in series, they have opposite effects on the relative phase between current and voltage. The current through the circuit undergoes forced oscillation at the frequency of the source. The resistance term in an R-L-C circuit acts as a damping term because power is dissipated...

Standing Waves in a Cavity

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:

Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit

Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit

Series resonance occurs in a circuit containing inductive (L), capacitive (C), and resistive (R) elements connected sequentially. At the resonance frequency, the inductive and capacitive reactances are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, effectively canceling each other. This causes the circuit's impedance is minimal, primarily determined by the resistance R. The resonant frequency of an RLC circuit is defined as:

Series Resonance

Series Resonance

The RLC circuit impedance is defined as the ratio of the supply voltage to the circuit current. Resonance in such a circuit occurs when the imaginary part of this impedance equals zero. This specific condition means that the inductive reactance is exactly equal to the capacitive reactance. The frequency at which this happens is known as the resonant frequency. Mathematically, the resonant frequency is inversely proportional to the square root of the product of the inductance (L) and capacitance...

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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

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Sum-frequency generation in bound-state-in-continuum microring resonators.

Fan Ye, Xiankai Sun, Hon Ki Tsang

|June 13, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) enable efficient sum-frequency generation in etchless lithium niobate microring resonators. This breakthrough offers a low-loss approach for nonlinear integrated photonics applications.

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Area of Science:

Photonics
Nonlinear Optics
Materials Science

Background:

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) offer strong optical mode confinement, crucial for nonlinear optical applications.
BICs enable low-loss photonic integrated circuits by allowing waveguide fabrication without etching, particularly on materials lacking mature etching processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally demonstrate efficient sum-frequency generation (SFG) using BIC microring resonators on an etchless lithium niobate platform.
To establish the feasibility of BIC-based resonators for novel functional materials in nonlinear integrated photonics.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of microring resonators utilizing bound states in the continuum on a lithium niobate platform.
Experimental measurement of optical losses and sum-frequency generation efficiency.

Main Results:

Achieved sufficiently low losses in BIC microring resonators for efficient nonlinear optical processes.
Measured a normalized conversion efficiency of 6.45 × 10^-6 mW^-1 for sum-frequency generation.

Conclusions:

BIC microring resonators are suitable for efficient sum-frequency generation on etchless lithium niobate.
This approach is viable for integrating novel functional materials into nonlinear photonic devices.