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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...

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A Longitudinal Study of Auditory Comprehension in Poststroke Aphasia.

Camille Salvas1, Jacinthe Paré1, Simona Maria Brambati2,3

  • 1École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada.

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Auditory comprehension in persons with aphasia (PWA) significantly improves from acute to chronic phases post-stroke. The left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) plays a key role in recovering comprehension, especially for complex language.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Longitudinal studies on auditory comprehension recovery in post-stroke aphasia often start in the subacute phase.
  • A gap exists in understanding recovery from the acute to the chronic phase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate longitudinal changes in auditory comprehension from acute to chronic phases in post-stroke aphasia.
  • To identify the neural correlates of these comprehension changes using lesion-symptom mapping.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-one individuals with aphasia (PWA) post-left middle cerebral artery stroke were assessed at acute, subacute, and chronic stages.
  • Auditory comprehension was measured using sentence-picture matching (five measures) and sequential commands.
  • Lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) correlated lesion location with comprehension deficits.

Main Results:

  • All five auditory comprehension measures showed significant improvement from acute to chronic phases.
  • Persistent comprehension deficits were noted for canonical sentences and sequential commands in the chronic phase.
  • Lesions in the supramarginal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus (STG), and middle temporal gyrus (MTG) were associated with noncanonical sentence and sequential command comprehension deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with more severe acute impairments achieve similar chronic performance to those with milder aphasia.
  • The left MTG is crucial for auditory comprehension recovery, particularly for complex linguistic stimuli.