GLP-1 agonists in glycemic and weight control of type 2 diabetes. New perspectives

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are interrelated global problems affecting 988 and 537 million people, respectively, figures that are continuously increasing. Obesity is a key factor in DM2, as it intensifies insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, accelerating disease progression. Weight loss improves glycemic control, reduces the occurrence of comorbidities and, in some cases, induces diabetes remission. In this regard, GLP-1 receptor agonists have revolutionized the treatment of DM2. Since the introduction of exenatide in 2005, more effective drugs have been developed that improve glycemic control, reduce weight, and decrease the occurrence of cardiovascular events. This article discusses the mechanisms of action and efficacy of these agents, highlighting recent advances such as polyagonists and oral formulations.